Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty with suboptimal outcomes: a case series / Ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtosegundo com resultados subótimos: uma série de casos

ABSTRACT Objective To identify preoperative clinical characteristics of patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty who failed to achieve optimal postoperative visual outcomes. Methods In this single-center, retrospective case series, patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty between 2013 and 2018 were included if they required graft revision, subsequent corneal procedure, or additional postoperative visits for a femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty-related issue. Visual outcomes assessed included best-corrected visual acuities and postoperative corneal astigmatism. Results Eight eyes of eight patients meeting the above criteria were included. Mean patient age was 64.5 years (range, 21 to 89 years). Mean included preoperative best-corrected visual acuities was one logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (range, 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution to counting fingers). Indications for femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty included anterior stromal scarring due to viral keratitis (two cases), bacterial keratitis (one case), chronic epithelial defect (one case), Avellino dystrophy (one case), trauma (one case), and chronic endothelial failure (two cases). Six patients had history of prior intraocular surgeries including phacoemulsification (four cases), pars plana vitrectomy (one case), endothelial keratoplasty (two cases), and trabeculectomy (one case). Mean included best-corrected visual acuities at most recent follow-up was one logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (range zero logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution to hand movements) representing improvement or stability in six of eight patients. Visually significant corneal astigmatism was present in four of eight patients. Post-femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty procedures included graft repositioning, arcuate keratotomy, phacoemulsification, and regraft. Conclusion While femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty offers a less-invasive treatment option compared to penetrating keratoplasty, intraoperative and postoperative management can be complex. Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty in patients with history of prior endothelial keratoplasty or ongoing ocular comorbidities should be pursued with caution.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as características clínicas pré-operatórias de pacientes submetidos à ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo que não alcançaram resultados visuais pós-operatórios ideais. Métodos Nesta série de casos retrospectiva em um único centro, os pacientes submetidos à ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo entre 2013 e 2018 foram incluídos se precisassem de revisão do enxerto, procedimento corneano subsequente ou visitas pós-operatórias adicionais por uma intercorrência relacionada à ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo. Os resultados visuais avaliados incluíram melhor acuidade visual corrigida e astigmatismo pós-operatório da córnea. Resultados Oito olhos de oito pacientes que atenderam aos critérios descritos foram incluídos. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 64,5 anos (variação de 21 a 89). A melhor acuidade visual corrigida pré-operatória média foi de um logaritmo do mínimo ângulo de resolução (variação de 0,3 logaritmo do mínimo ângulo de resolução para contagem de dedos). As indicações para ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo incluíram cicatriz do estroma anterior devido à ceratite viral (dois casos), ceratite bacteriana (um caso), defeito epitelial crônico (um caso), distrofia de Avellino (um caso), trauma (um caso) e insuficiência endotelial crônica (dois casos). Seis pacientes tinham história de cirurgias intraoculares anteriores, incluindo facoemulsificação (quatro casos), vitrectomia via pars plana (um caso), ceratoplastia endotelial (dois casos) e trabeculectomia (um caso). O mínimo ângulo de resolução médio no acompanhamento mais recente foi de um logaritmo do mínimo ângulo de resolução (variação de zero logaritmo do mínimo ângulo de resolução para movimentos das mãos), representando melhora ou estabilidade em seis de oito pacientes. Astigmatismo corneano visualmente significativo estava presente em quatro de oito pacientes. Os procedimentos pós-ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo incluíram reposicionamento do enxerto, ceratotomia arqueada, facoemulsificação e enxerto. Conclusão Embora a ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo ofereça uma opção de tratamento menos invasiva em comparação com a ceratoplastia penetrante, o manejo intra e pós-operatório pode ser complexo. A ceratoplastia lamelar anterior assistida por laser de femtossegundo em pacientes com história de ceratoplastia endotelial anterior ou comorbidades oculares correntes deve ser avaliada com cautela.

Refractive and visual outcomes after Ferrara corneal ring segment implantation at a 60% depth in keratoconic eyes: case series / Resultados refrativos e visuais após a inserção do anel de Ferrara a uma profundidade de 60% em olhos com ceratocone: série de casos

ABSTRACT Purpose: This report addresses refractive, topographic, visual acuity, and optical coherence tomography outcomes 12 months after femtosecond, laser-assisted insertion of Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments in keratoconic eyes at a depth of 60%. Methods: Interventional, prospective, non-comparative case series. We performed femtosecond, laser-assisted insertion of Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments in 15 keratoconic eyes. We included patients with documented keratoconus who voluntarily signed informed consents if they had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity ≥0.30 logMAR and corneal thickness ≥400 μm. We excluded patients with previous ocular surgery or corneal curvatures >65 diopters (D). Our main outcome measures were best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and corneal topographic parameters (flattest, steepest and average keratometry [K]), evaluated at baseline and at 1-,3-,6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Results: The mean ± standard deviation baseline uncorrected visual acuity and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity were 1.03 ± 0.46 and 0.42 ± 0.13, respectively; the 12-month mean standard deviation uncorrected visual acuity and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity were 0.72 ± 0.37 and 0.31 ± 0.16, respectively, without significant differences (p=0.05 for both). The mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improvements were statistically significant after 3- (p=0.02) and after 6-months (p=0.02). The mean baseline flattest (K1), steepest (K2), and overall keratometries (mean power) were 48.35 ± 3.65 D, 53.67 ± 3.38 D, and 50.84 ± 3.36 D, respectively. The 12-month mean ± standard deviations for flattest-K1, steepest-K2, and overall K were 46.53 ± 3.70 D, 49.83 ± 3.50 D, and 48.12 ± 3.49 D respectively, with statistically significant differences for all three topographic parameters (p=0.01). Conclusions: Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segment insertions at a depth of 60% yield satisfactory visual, refractive, and keratometric results in keratoconic eyes.

RESUMO Objetivos: Este estudo aborda os resultados refrativos, topográficos, acuidade visual e tomografia de coerência óptica, 12 meses após a inserção do segmento de Anel de Ferrara em túnel corneano a 60% de profundidade com o laser de femtosegundo, em pacientes com ceratocone. Métodos: Série de casos não comparativos, prospectivos e intervencionistas. Realizamos a inserção do Anel de Ferrara através de incisão com o laser de femtosegundo em 15 olhos ceratocônicos. Foram incluídos pacientes com ceratocone documentado que voluntariamente assinaram consentimentos informados que tivessem melhor acuidade visual corrigida ≥0.30 tabela logMAR, espessura corneana ≥400µm. Foram excluídos pacientes com cirurgia ocular prévia ou curvatura corneana > 65 dioptrias (D). As principais variáveis medidas foram acuidade visual corrigida e os parâmetros topográficos da córnea (ceratometria mais plana (K1), mais curva (K2) e ceratometria média (K médio), avaliadas no pré-operatório e com 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses de seguimento. Resultados: A média ± desvio padrão da acuidade visual sem correção e acuidade visual corrigida foi 1.03 ± 0.46 e 0.42 ± 0.13, respectivamente; o desvio padrão médio de 12 meses, a acuidade visual sem correção e acuidade visual corrigida foram de 0.72 ± 0.37 e 0.31 ± 0.16, respectivamente, sem diferenças significativas (p=0,05 para ambos). A melhora da acuidade visual corrigida foi estatisticamente significante após 3 meses (p=0,02), e após 6 meses (p=0,02). Os valores médios da linha de base K1, K2, e média (K médio) foram 48,35 ± 3,65D, 53,67 ± 3,38D, e 50,84 ± 3,36D, respectivamente. A média de 12 meses ± desvio padrão para K1, K2, e K médio foi 46,53 ± 3,70D, 49,83 ± 3,50 D, e 48,12 ± 3,49D respectivamente, com diferença estatisticamente significativas para todos os 3 parâmetros topográficos (p=0,01). Conclusões: A inserção do Anel de Ferrara a uma profundidade de 60% no estroma corneano produz resultados visuais, refracionais e ceratométricos satisfatórios em olhos com ceratocone.

Principios para realizar queratectomía fototerapéutica / Principles for performance of phototherapeutic keratectomy

La queratectomía fototerapéutica se emplea como arma terapéutica en alteraciones corneales desde hace más de diez años. Su evolución ha incorporado el interés primario de retirar tejido corneal alterado, y se ha propuesto otros objetivos más complejos como son los de obtener una superficie ópticamente más regular e incrementar la salud de la superficie ocular externa con el uso de la técnica adecuada de aplicación de la queratectomía fototerapéutica, de modo que pueda ser aprovechada la precisión de la ablación proporcionada por el láser de excímer. Al final del procedimiento se debe conseguir una superficie corneal regular, que no genere una gran reacción cicatricial y que actúe como sustrato adecuado para promover la correcta adherencia del epitelio. De este modo, la córnea gana en calidad como superficie óptica, en transparencia, en ser menos reactiva cicatricialmente y en poseer un epitelio más adherente. De ahí la motivación para realizar una búsqueda de diversos artículos publicados, con el objetivo de describir los principios de la queratectomía fototerapéutica, la técnica y sus indicaciones. Se utilizó la plataforma Infomed, específicamente la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, con todos sus buscadores(AU)

Phototerapeutic keratectomy is used as a treatment tool to manage corneal alterations lasting over ten years. Its development has included the withdrawal of the altered corneal tissue and has set out more complex objectives such as obtaining a more regular surface from the optical viewpoint and increasing health of the outer ocular surface by using the most adequate technique for phototerapeutic keratectomy in order to make good use of the precision of the Excimer laser ablation. At the end of the procedure, it is possible to attain a regular corneal surface that does not generate great scar reaction and acts as adequate substrate to encourage the correct epithelium adherence. In this way, the cornea increases it quality as an optical surface, its transparency; it has less reactive cicatrix and more adherent epithelium. All the above-mentioned prompted the authors to make a search of several published articles in order to describe the principles of phototherapeutic keratectomy, the technique and the indications to perform it. The Infomed platform, particularly the Virtual Library of Health with all the search engines, was used(AU)

Distrofia de Schnyder / Schnyder dystrophy

Entre las distrofias estromales encontramos la distrofia de Schnyder, que se caracteriza por ser bilateral y progresiva. Su diagnóstico es relativamente sencillo cuando se presenta con cristales de colesterol y fosfolípidos. El estudio histológico y la microscopia confocal confirman el diagnóstico. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de distrofia de Schnyder, en pacientes del sexo femenino, quienes acudieron a la consulta y refirieron disminución de la visión y cambio de coloración de los ojos. Los hallazgos clínicos y la microscopia confocal confirman el diagnóstico de distrofia de Schnyder, la cual se caracteriza por la presencia de cristales en el estroma anterior central de distribución anular o disciforme, asociado a arco lipoide y haze en la media periferia. La fotoqueratectomía con excímer láser cuando la afección se limita al estroma anterior, o la queratoplastia penetrante en casos más avanzados, constituyen el arsenal terapéutico en esta afección.

Among the stromal dystrophies, we may find Schnyder dystrophy that is characterized by its bilateral and progressive nature. Diagnosis is relatively simple when presented with choresterol crystals and phospholipids. The histological study and the confocal microscopy confirm the diagnosis. We reported two female patients with Schnyder dystrophy, who went to the ophthalmological service and stated decreased vision and changed eye color. The clinical and confocal microscopy findings confirmed the diagnosis of Schnyder dystrophy. This entity is characterized by the presence of crystals into the central anterior stroma with annular distribution and related to lipoid arch and haze in the mid-periphery. The excimer laser photokeratectomy to manage the anterior stroma and the penetrating keratoplasty for more advanced cases are the best therapeutic tools to treat this condition.

Estudio queratométrico por pentacam en hipermétropes con cirugía láser vs. método de maloney / Keratometric study of hypermetropic patients with laser surgery by using pentacam vs. maloney method

OBJETIVO: comparar las queratometrías obtenidas por el Pentacam en ojos hipermétropes operados por láser y las obtenidas a través del Método de Maloney, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", desde marzo a mayo de 2013. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 50 ojos de 27 pacientes hipermétropes operados de LASIK, donde se calculó la queratometría promedio mediante el método de Maloney y se comparó con los valores brindados por el Pentacam: valor queratométrico total central y Equivalent K- Reading power de los mapas a color, así como el True Net Power (queratométrico total a 3,0 mm) y las lecturas queratométricas a distintos diámetros del programa Holladay Report. Se comparó la queratometría preoperatoria media de la historia clínica y la estimada aportada por el Pentacam. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba T para datos pareados, utilizando una significación del 95 %. RESULTADOs: no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las queratometrías del método de Maloney, el Equivalent K-reading Power y las lecturas de queratometría efectivas a diferentes diámetros. La de 4,5 mm mostró la menor diferencia. El resto de las mediciones difirieron de forma significativa. No se encontró diferencias entre las queratometrías preoperatorias. CONCLUSIONES: el Pentacam aporta poderes corneales que no difieren estadísticamente de los obtenidos por el método de Maloney en ojos hipermétropes con LASIK previo.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the keratometries given by the Pentacam in hyperopic patients operated on with laser and those obtained through Maloney method in "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from March to May of 2013. METHODS: a prospective study was conducted in 50 eyes from 27 hyperopic patients operated on with LASIK, in which average keratometry was estimated using Maloney method and then compared with those of Pentacam system; the used variables were total central keratometric value and Equivalent K-reading Power of color maps, as well as the true net power (total keratometic value at 3,0 mm) and the readings of equivalent keratometry at different diameter of HolladayReport programs. The average preoperative keratometries of the medical histories and those of the Pentacam system were also compared. The statistical analysis included paired T test, using a 95 % significance level. RESULTS: there were not significant statistical differences among the keratometries by Maloney method, the Equivalent K-reading power and the readings of equivalent keratometries at different diameters, being that of 4,5 mm the more accurate. The rest of the measurements differed in a significant way. There were differences among the preoperative keratometries. CONCLUSION: the Pentacam system provides corneal powers that did not statistically differ from those obtained by the Maloney method in hyperopic eyes with prior LASIK.

Cyclotorsion measurement in laser refractive surgery / Medida da ciclotorção em cirurgia refrativa a laser

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of cyclotorsion in eyes that underwent laser refractive surgery. METHODS: This was a comparative observational study, which analyzed the medical records of 61 patients (104 eyes) who underwent laser refractive surgery and compared the axis of astigmatism of the sitting and the supine positions. Regarding the gender, 37.5% were male and 62.5% were female. The age ranged from 20 to 54 years old, with the median of 29 years. The lowest degree of astigmatism was -0.75 cylinder diopters (DC) and the highest was -6.50 DC, with a mean of -3.06 ± 1.16 DC. First, the axis of astigmatism of the seated patient was captured by the Schwind's ORK-CAM. In a second moment, inside the operating room, the axis of astigmatism of the patient in supine position was captured by the laser equipment's own camera (Schwind Amaris®), which was then compared with the previous measure. The incyclotorsion was defined by a minus sign (-) and the excyclotorsion, by a plus sign (+). RESULTS: The maximum excyclotorsion was +7.7 and the maximum incyclotorsion was -11.0 degrees. The mean torsion (excyclo or incyclo) was 2.74 (56.7%), with a standard deviation of 2.30 degrees. There was no statistically significant change (p=0.985) in the axis of astigmatism between patients sitting versus supine. CONCLUSION: There was clinically significant cyclotorsion in 36.5% of the eyes submitted to laser correction.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença de ciclotorção em olhos submetidos à cirurgia refrativa a laser. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo observacional comparativo, feito pela avaliação dos prontuários de 61 indivíduos (104 olhos) submetidos à cirurgia refrativa a laser, para comparar a orientação do astigmatismo ocular na posição sentada e em decúbito dorsal. Foram computados 37,5% de homens com idade variando de 20 a 54 anos, com mediana de 29 anos. O menor grau de astigmatismo avaliado foi de -0,75 e o maior de -6,50, com média de -3,06 ± 1,16 dioptrias cilíndricas (DC). A captação da orientação (eixo) do astigmatismo foi feita no primeiro momento (sentado) pelo aparelho ORK-CAM da empresa Schwind. Em um segundo momento (decúbito dorsal), na sala de cirurgia, o eixo foi captado pela câmera do próprio laser (Schwind Amaris®) para então comparar o eixo nos dois momentos. A inciclotorção foi identificada por um sinal negativo (-) e a exciclotorção por um sinal positivo (+). RESULTADOS: A exciclotorção máxima foi de +7,7 e a inciclotorção máxima de -11,0 graus. A média de torção (exciclo ou inciclo) foi de 2,74 (56,7%), com desvio padrão de 2,30 graus. Não houve variação estatisticamente significativa (p=0,985) no eixo do astigmatismo entre os indivíduos sentados versus decúbito dorsal. CONCLUSÃO: Houve ciclotorção clinicamente significativa em 36,5% dos olhos submetidos à cirurgia refrativa a laser.

Microscopia confocal en cirugía refractiva corneal: ¿útil o imprescindible? / Confocal microscopy in refractive corneal surgery: is it a useful or an indispensable tool?

Introducción: el estudio morfométrico de la córnea con posterioridad a la cirugía refractiva corneal con Láser Excímer, se ha convertido, en los últimos años, en tema de investigación recurrente a nivel internacional, con vistas a obtener resultados in vivo del tejido corneal y por tanto, evaluar estas novedosas tecnologías.Objetivo: describir las aplicaciones de la microscopia confocal de la córnea en cirugía refractiva con Láser Excímer. Método: se realizó un estudio exploratorio del tema, teniendo en cuenta las publicaciones de los últimos 5 años de los autores más representativos, así como las revistas de mayor impacto de la especialidad. Se utilizó la plataforma Infomed, específicamente la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (Ebsco,Hinari, PERii, SciELO Cuba, SciELO regional, PLoS Medicine, Pubmed Central, Biomed Central, DOAJ, Free Medical Journals). La información fue resumida para la elaboración del informe final. Resultados: se han obtenido en diferentes estudios valores de densidad corneal por subcapas, grosores corneales, características de células y nervios corneales, evolución en el tiempo de estos cambios y relaciones estadísticas entre variables morfométricas. Conclusiones: el oftalmólogo dedicado a cirugía refractiva corneal debe dominar e incorporar a su práctica cotidiana la microscopia confocal corneal como una herramienta pre y posoperatoria que ya se ha hecho imprescindible en vistas a elevar la seguridad de este tipo de tratamiento. No todo está dicho, la línea investigativa del tema apunta a un mayor desarrollo en los años venideros que tiene como atenuante la poca accesibilidad a este proceder en otros países por su elevado costo

Introduction: the morphometric study of the cornea after excimer laser refractive surgery has turned into a recurrent research topic worldwide in the last few years, with a view to achieving in vivo corneal tissue outcomes, and hence, to evaluating these state-of-the-art technologies. Objective: to describe the corneal confocal microscopy uses in excimer laser refractive surgery. Methods: an exploratory study was conducted, which took into account the publications of the most outstanding authors in the last five years, as well as the highest impact journals in this field. Infomed, particularly the Virtual Health Library (Ebsco, Hinari, PERii, SciELO Cuba, regional SciELO, PLoS Medicine, Pubmed Central, Biomed Central, DOAJ, Free Medical Journals). The information was summarized for the preparation of the final report. Results: the different studies contained in this review yielded corneal density values by sublayers, corneal thicknesses, corneal cell and nerve characteristics, progression of these changes in time and statistical associations among the morphometric variables. Conclusions: the ophthalmologist working in the corneal refractive surgery must master the corneal confocal microscopy and incorporate it into his/her daily practice as a preoperative and postoperative tool that has already become indispensable to raise the safety of this type of treatment. There is still a lot to be said and done in this regard; the research line of this topic points to higher development of this technique in the coming years, which can be restrained by the low access to this costly procedure in other countries

Case Report: Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Small Incision Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty

PURPOSE: To report two cases of femtosecond laser-assisted small incision deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) for patients with corneal endothelial decompensation by Fuchs dystrophy and glaucoma METHODS: Femtosecond laser (IntraLase(R); IntraLase Corp., Irvine, CA) with 15 kHz of repetition rate, was used for a 9.5 mm diameter by 400 micrometer thickness donor corneal lamellar dissection. RESULTS: In Case 1, the graft was clear and compact without interface haze, Orbscan showed smooth and regular corneal surface, specular microscopy was unremarkable without sign of corneal endothelial damage, and Optical coherence tomography showed uniform graft well attached to recipient stroma with minimal interface reflection at 2 months postoperation. In Case 2, the graft was clear and compact with minimal interface haze at 1 month postoperation. Femtosecond laser-assisted small incision DLEK was safe and technically feasible in our cases; however, further evaluation is required to determine long-term effects.

Case Report: Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Small Incision Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty

PURPOSE: To report two cases of femtosecond laser-assisted small incision deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) for patients with corneal endothelial decompensation by Fuchs dystrophy and glaucoma METHODS: Femtosecond laser (IntraLase(R); IntraLase Corp., Irvine, CA) with 15 kHz of repetition rate, was used for a 9.5 mm diameter by 400 micrometer thickness donor corneal lamellar dissection. RESULTS: In Case 1, the graft was clear and compact without interface haze, Orbscan showed smooth and regular corneal surface, specular microscopy was unremarkable without sign of corneal endothelial damage, and Optical coherence tomography showed uniform graft well attached to recipient stroma with minimal interface reflection at 2 months postoperation. In Case 2, the graft was clear and compact with minimal interface haze at 1 month postoperation. Femtosecond laser-assisted small incision DLEK was safe and technically feasible in our cases; however, further evaluation is required to determine long-term effects.

Tratamiento con ablación multifocal para presbicie asociada a hipermetropía / Multifocal corneal ablation for presbyopia

Objetivos: Evaluar resultados clínicos y complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a lasik con ablación multifocal para tratar la presbicia. Material y Método: En forma prospectiva seleccionamos 38 ojos en 19 pacientes con presbicia e hipermetropía hasta +3.0 D y astigmatismo hasta +1.0 D sin patologías ocular ni cirugía previa. El análisis wavefront fue realizado con el aberrómetroVISX Wavescan® y el tratamiento con el VISX Star S4 IR excimer laser. El perfil de ablación fue el CustomVue™Multifocal Ablation que produce una zona óptica central para visión intermedia y cerca y una periférica para lejos. Los resultados fueron evaluados según seguridad, eficacia, predictibilidad, estabilidad, complicaciones y cambios en las aberraciones de alto orden. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 52 años. El Equivalente Esférico preoperatorio fue +2.00 D +/- 0.56 D. El seguimiento fue de 6 meses. El Equivalente Esférico postoperatorio fue de -0.25 +/-0.56 D. No se observaron complicaciones. Hubo una pérdida de la mejor agudeza visual para lejos de 1 línea en el 12.5 por ciento de los ojos. En términos de eficacia el 75 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzan > 20/20 y el 100 por ciento > 20/40 sin corrección para lejos. Para cerca sin corrección 100 por ciento de los pacientes obtienen > J5, 88 por ciento obtiene > J3 y un 50 por ciento > J1. 62.5 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzaron > 20/25 para lejos y > J3 para cerca. Conclusión: El tratamiento con Lasik CustomVue™ Multifocal Ablation para pacientes hipermétropes con presbicie es un procedimiento seguro y produce un alto grado de satisfación debido a la independencia a los lentes. Un seguimiento más prolongado es necesario para evaluar nuestros buenos resultados.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes and complications in patients who underwent multifocal corneal ablation to treat presbyopia. Methods: In a prospective way we selected 38 eyes of 19 patients with presbyopia and hyperopia up to +3.0 D and astigmatism up to +1.0 D. Patients with ocular pathology or with previous ocular surgery were excluded. The wavefront analysis was performed with the VISX Wavescan® aberrometer, and the treatment with the VISX Star S4 IR excimer laser. The ablation profile was CustomVue™ Multifocal Ablation, that produces a central zone for intermediate and near vision and a periferic zone for distance vision. The clinical outcomes were evaluated based in standards terms of safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, complications and changes in higher order aberrations. Results: The average age was 52 years. The mean of the preoperative spherical equivalent was + 2.00 D +/- 0.56 D. The follow up was up to 6 months. The mean of postoperative spherical equivalet was -0.25 +/-0.56, that was relatively stable after the first 6 postoperative months and no complication was observed. 12.5 percent of the eyes lost 1 line of BSCVA for distance vision. No subjects had change in BSCVA for near vision at the end of follow up. In terms of efficacy, 75 percent of subjects achieved 20/20 or better UCVA for distance and 100 percent achieved 20/40 or better UCVA. For near vision 100 percent of subjects achieved J5 or better vision at the end of follow up, 88 percent achieved > J3 and 50 percent > J1. 62.5 percent of subjects achieved both 20/25 or better vision for distance and J3 or better for near vision. Conclusion: The treatment with Lasik CustomVue™ ultifocal Ablation for hyperopic patients with presbyopia is a safe procedure and procedure a high rate of satisfaction due to spectacles independency. A longer follow up is necessary to evaluate ours good outcomes.

Estudio ultrabiomecroscopico en ablacion trabecular con laser y su relacion con la apariencia de la ampolla conjuntival y la presion intraocular / Ultrabiomicroscopic study in trabecular ablation with laser and its relation with the appearance of the conjunctival blister and the intraocular pressure

La cirugía trabecular no penetrante (CTNP) es una modalidad terapéutica para el glacoma, cuyo fundamento es favorecer la filtración de humor acuoso desde la cámara anterior, a través de una membrana natural, mediante un adelgazamiento sectorial de la pared córneo-escleral sin realizar una apertura de la misma. Bajo esta denominación se encuentran la trabeculectomía ab-externo, la esclerectomía profunda no penetrante, la viscocanalostomía y la ablación trabecular con excimer láser (ATEL). En la ATEL se usa un haz de excimer láser para realizar una esclerectomía profunda. La apariencia biomicroscópica de la ampolla conjuntival, es uno de los aspectos clínicos, que desde su descripción, se lo relacionó a los resultados en la cirugía de glaucoma, aunque en la CTNP la aparicición de una ampolla clínicamente visible varía en un amplio rango. La ultrabiomicroscopía (UBM) es un método de diagnóstico, basado en el uso de ultrasonido a alta frecuencia, que produce imágenes bidimensionales con resolución cercana a la microscopía óptico. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1)establecer con UBM la principal vía de filtración de humor acuoso; 2)caracterizar con biomicroscopía la apariencia de la ampolla conjuntival, 3)correlacionar la morfología ultrabiomicroscópica del área quirúrgica y la apariencia biomicroscopica de la ampolla conjuntival.

Regression after LASIK in high myopic patients

Regression is one of the complications, which may occur following LASIK eye surgery in high myopic patients. To determine the degree of regression after LASIK in high myopic eyes. This interventional longitudinal study was performed on 34 eyes in 20 patients who underwent LASIK. The range of preoperative refraction errors was -6.12 to -22.00 Diopter. LASIK was performed using Moria microkeratome to create a 9 mm diameter, 160 microns thick flap. Preoperative and four consecutive cycloplegic refractions were carried out using recommended standards. The maximum follow up was after 6 months. Considering all patients, mean preoperative refraction was -10.58 D which decreased to -0.51 +/- 1.33 D a week following surgery. Mean cycloplegic refraction was - 0.98 +/- 1.33 D, -1.21 +/- 1.81 D and -1.42 +/- 1.87 D, respectively, which was recorded at 1,3 and 6 months postoperatively. Maximum regression occurred 6 months after the surgery [0.9 +/- 0.8 D [8.5%]]. Factors associated with regression included preoperative keratometry [P=0.013] and correction rate [P<0.001]. The degree of regression after LASIK in high myopia was related to preoperative keratometry and correction rate

Combined Treatment for Band Keratopathy

No abstract available.